Datasets:

Mearman
/

OpenAlex

configs:
  - config_name: authors__author_affiliations
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/affiliations/*.parquet
  - config_name: authors__author_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: authors__author_counts_by_year
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/counts_by_year/*.parquet
  - config_name: authors__author_display_name_alternatives
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet
  - config_name: authors__author_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: authors__author_last_known_institutions
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/last_known_institutions/*.parquet
  - config_name: authors__author_sources
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/sources/*.parquet
  - config_name: authors__author_topic_share
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/topic_share/*.parquet
  - config_name: authors__author_topics
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/topics/*.parquet
  - config_name: authors__author_x_concepts
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/x_concepts/*.parquet
  - config_name: authors__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/authors/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: awards__award_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/awards/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: awards__award_funded_outputs
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/awards/funded_outputs/*.parquet
  - config_name: awards__award_funders
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/awards/funders/*.parquet
  - config_name: awards__award_investigators
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/awards/investigators/*.parquet
  - config_name: awards__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/awards/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: concepts__concept_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/concepts/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: concepts__concept_counts_by_year
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/concepts/counts_by_year/*.parquet
  - config_name: concepts__concept_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/concepts/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: concepts__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/concepts/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: continents__continent_countries
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/continents/countries/*.parquet
  - config_name: continents__continent_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/continents/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: continents__continent_display_name_alternatives
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/continents/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet
  - config_name: continents__continent_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/continents/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: continents__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/continents/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: countries__countrie_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/countries/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: countries__countrie_continents
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/countries/continents/*.parquet
  - config_name: countries__countrie_display_name_alternatives
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/countries/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet
  - config_name: countries__countrie_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/countries/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: countries__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/countries/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: domains__domain_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/domains/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: domains__domain_display_name_alternatives
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/domains/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet
  - config_name: domains__domain_fields
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/domains/fields/*.parquet
  - config_name: domains__domain_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/domains/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: domains__domain_siblings
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/domains/siblings/*.parquet
  - config_name: domains__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/domains/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: fields__field_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/fields/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: fields__field_display_name_alternatives
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/fields/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet
  - config_name: fields__field_domains
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/fields/domains/*.parquet
  - config_name: fields__field_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/fields/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: fields__field_siblings
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/fields/siblings/*.parquet
  - config_name: fields__field_subfields
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/fields/subfields/*.parquet
  - config_name: fields__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/fields/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: funders__funder_alternate_titles
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/funders/alternate_titles/*.parquet
  - config_name: funders__funder_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/funders/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: funders__funder_counts_by_year
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/funders/counts_by_year/*.parquet
  - config_name: funders__funder_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/funders/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: funders__funder_roles
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/funders/roles/*.parquet
  - config_name: funders__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/funders/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: institution-types__institution-type_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institution-types/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: institution-types__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institution-types/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: institutions__institution_associated_institutions
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/associated_institutions/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__institution_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__institution_counts_by_year
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/counts_by_year/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__institution_display_name_acronyms
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/display_name_acronyms/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__institution_display_name_alternatives
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__institution_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__institution_lineage
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/lineage/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__institution_repositories
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/repositories/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__institution_roles
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/roles/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__institution_topic_share
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/topic_share/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__institution_topics
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/topics/*.parquet
  - config_name: institutions__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/institutions/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: keywords__keyword_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/keywords/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: keywords__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/keywords/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: languages__language_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/languages/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: languages__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/languages/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: licenses__license_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/licenses/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: licenses__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/licenses/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: publishers__publisher_alternate_titles
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/publishers/alternate_titles/*.parquet
  - config_name: publishers__publisher_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/publishers/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: publishers__publisher_country_codes
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/publishers/country_codes/*.parquet
  - config_name: publishers__publisher_counts_by_year
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/publishers/counts_by_year/*.parquet
  - config_name: publishers__publisher_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/publishers/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: publishers__publisher_lineage
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/publishers/lineage/*.parquet
  - config_name: publishers__publisher_parent_publishers
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/publishers/parent_publishers/*.parquet
  - config_name: publishers__publisher_roles
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/publishers/roles/*.parquet
  - config_name: publishers__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/publishers/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: sdgs__sdg_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sdgs/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: sdgs__sdg_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sdgs/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: sdgs__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sdgs/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: source-types__source-type_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/source-types/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: source-types__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/source-types/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: sources__source_alternate_titles
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/alternate_titles/*.parquet
  - config_name: sources__source_apc_prices
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/apc_prices/*.parquet
  - config_name: sources__source_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: sources__source_counts_by_year
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/counts_by_year/*.parquet
  - config_name: sources__source_host_organization_lineage
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/host_organization_lineage/*.parquet
  - config_name: sources__source_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: sources__source_issns
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/issns/*.parquet
  - config_name: sources__source_societies
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/societies/*.parquet
  - config_name: sources__source_topic_share
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/topic_share/*.parquet
  - config_name: sources__source_topics
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/topics/*.parquet
  - config_name: sources__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/sources/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: subfields__subfield_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/subfields/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: subfields__subfield_display_name_alternatives
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/subfields/display_name_alternatives/*.parquet
  - config_name: subfields__subfield_domains
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/subfields/domains/*.parquet
  - config_name: subfields__subfield_fields
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/subfields/fields/*.parquet
  - config_name: subfields__subfield_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/subfields/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: subfields__subfield_siblings
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/subfields/siblings/*.parquet
  - config_name: subfields__subfield_topics
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/subfields/topics/*.parquet
  - config_name: subfields__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/subfields/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: topics__topic_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/topics/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: topics__topic_domains
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/topics/domains/*.parquet
  - config_name: topics__topic_fields
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/topics/fields/*.parquet
  - config_name: topics__topic_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/topics/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: topics__topic_keywords
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/topics/keywords/*.parquet
  - config_name: topics__topic_siblings
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/topics/siblings/*.parquet
  - config_name: topics__topic_subfields
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/topics/subfields/*.parquet
  - config_name: topics__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/topics/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: work-types__work-type_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/work-types/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: work-types__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/work-types/**/*.jsonl.gz
  - config_name: works__work_abstracts
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/abstracts/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_main
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/main/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_authorships
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/authorships/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_awards
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/awards/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_concepts
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/concepts/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_corresponding_author_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/corresponding_author_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_corresponding_institution_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/corresponding_institution_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_counts_by_year
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/counts_by_year/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_funders
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/funders/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_external_ids
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/external_ids/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_indexed_in
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/indexed_in/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_keywords
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/keywords/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_locations
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/locations/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_mesh
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/mesh/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_referenced_works
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/referenced_works/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_related_works
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/related_works/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_sustainable_development_goals
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/sustainable_development_goals/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__work_topics
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/topics/*.parquet
  - config_name: works__source
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/works/**/*.jsonl.gz
pretty_name: OpenAlex Snapshot
license: cc0-1.0
papers:
  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01833
annotations_creators:
  - found
  - machine-generated
language_creators:
  - found
source_datasets:
  - original
tags:
  - academic
  - scholarly-metadata
  - citation-data
  - bibliometrics
  - open-science
  - tabular
language:
  - en
  - multilingual
size_categories:
  - n>1T
task_categories:
  - tabular-classification
  - feature-extraction
doi: 10.57967/hf/7682

OpenAlex Snapshot

Mirror of the OpenAlex scholarly metadata snapshot — a free, open catalogue of 250M+ scholarly works, 100M+ authors, and related entities.

Hosted on HuggingFace via Xet for content-addressable deduplication.

Source: s3://openalex (public, anonymous S3 bucket)

Dataset subsets

Each entity type is a separate subset (config). For each entity, there is:

One __source subset containing the raw .jsonl.gz source files
One subset per extracted relationship table (e.g. works__main, works__abstracts, authors__affiliations)

Entity	Description
works	Scholarly works (papers, datasets, etc.)
authors	Authors of scholarly works
institutions	Universities, research orgs
publishers	Academic publishers
sources	Journals, repositories, conferences
awards	Grant/funding awards
concepts	Legacy concept taxonomy (Wikidata)
topics	Topic taxonomy
domains	Top-level topic domains
fields	Topic fields
subfields	Topic subfields
funders	Funding organisations
keywords	Machine-learning keywords
continents	Continents
countries	Countries
languages	Languages
licenses	Licences
sdgs	Sustainable Development Goals
institution-types	Institution types
source-types	Source types
work-types	Work types

Data format

Each shard is a gzip-compressed JSON Lines file at:

data/{entity}/updated_date=YYYY-MM-DD/part_XXXX.jsonl.gz

The .jsonl.gz extension allows the HuggingFace dataset viewer to detect the inner format automatically. On S3, files are named part_XXXX.gz; the download pipeline renames them on save.

Each line is a JSON object representing one entity record. Fields vary by entity type. See the OpenAlex data model for field definitions.

Extracted Parquet tables

The sync pipeline extracts relationship tables from each entity into Parquet files. Each entity has a main table (scalar attributes, one row per entity) plus separate tables for each list/dict-valued field:

data/{entity}/
  updated_date=YYYY-MM-DD/part_XXXX.jsonl.gz       # source data
  main/
    {entity}__updated_date=...__part_XXXX.parquet   # scalar attributes
  {relationship_type}/
    {entity}__updated_date=...__part_XXXX.parquet   # one edge table per list/dict field

The dataset viewer provides one subset per entity+relationship combination (e.g. works__main, works__abstracts, authors__affiliations) and one __source subset per entity for the raw JSONL.

Example: Work record fields

id, doi, title, display_name, publication_year, type, language, authorships, concepts, topics, keywords, cited_by_count, referenced_works, related_works, locations, open_access, funders, awards, mesh, sustainable_development_goals, counts_by_year, updated_date, and more.

Sync and extraction pipeline

The sync/ directory contains a Python pipeline for downloading from S3 and extracting relationship tables to Parquet:

# Full sync (all entities)
python3 -m sync

# Limit to one entity
python3 -m sync --entity works

# Split extraction across machines
python3 -m sync --slice-index 0 --slice-total 2   # machine 1
python3 -m sync --slice-index 1 --slice-total 2   # machine 2

License

OpenAlex data is released under CC0 1.0 Universal. See the OpenAlex terms for details.